Spreading and Curing Behaviors of a Thermosetting Droplet-Silicone on a Heated Surface

Thermosetting materials are widely used as encapsulation in the electrical packaging to protect the core electronic components from external force, moisture, dust, and other factors. However, the spreading and curing behaviors of such kind of fluid on a heated surface have been rarely explored. In this study, we experimentally and numerically investigated the spreading and curing behaviors of the silicone(OE6550 A/B, which is widely used in the light-emitting diode packaging) droplet with diameter of ～2.2 mm on a heated surface with temperature ranging from 25 ℃ to 250 ℃. For the experiments, we established a setup with high-speed camera and heating unit to capture the fast spreading process of the silicone droplet on the heated surface. For the numerical simulation, we built a viscosity model of the silicone by using the Kiuna's model and combined the viscosity model with the Volume of Fluid(VOF) model by the User Defined Function(UDF) method. The results show that the surface temperature significantly affected the spreading behaviors of the silicone droplet since it determines the temperature and viscosity distribution inside the droplet. For surface temperature varied from 25 ℃ to 250 ℃, the final contact radius changed from ～2.95 mm to ～1.78 mm and the total spreading time changed from ～511 s to ～0.15 s. By further analyzing the viscosity evolution of the droplet, we found that the decreasing of the total spreading time was caused by the decrease of the viscosity under high surface temperature at initial spreading stage, while the reduction of the final contact radius was caused by the curing of the precursor film. This study supplies a strategy to tuning the spreading and curing behavior of silicone by imposing high surface temperature, which is of great importance to the electronic packaging.     

全过程工程咨询下造价咨询企业现状与转型发展的机理、路径分析

全过程工程咨询背景下造价咨询企业转型发展依托于需求牵引和创新驱动,需要依托横向联盟战略及纵向整合战略.转型发展的路径可归纳为管理制度、创新理念、人才技术、业务整合、服务配套五个维度.研究结果可为造价咨询企业提供理论框架和实践指导,使其在转型发展过程中拥有更大竞争力.     

建筑施工项目安全管理体系与安全生产监控对策研究

随着时代的发展,我国对现代化建设方面的要求也在不断提高.经济的发展与建筑施工项目有很大的联系,故对其安全管理体系的要求也越来越高.所以为使我国经济的发展更上一层楼,应更注重提高建筑施工项目的安全管理和安全生产监控.     

污水处理厂EPC工程总承包项目风险管理及成本控制

EPC工程总承包自20世纪80年代开始,在石油化工、水电工程等大型工程项目中EPC得到了较为广泛的应用,从2003年开始我国住房与城乡建设部下发了有关工程总承包的明确制度与规定,至此工程总承包正式得到了各行业的推广性应用.现就市政工程项目实施过程中的风险及成本控制进行详细的论述,对比了地基处理工程的三种方案:空心方桩,管桩和真空预压联合堆载预压.     

污水处理厂EPC工程总承包项目风险管理及成本控制

EPC工程总承包自20世纪80年代开始,在石油化工、水电工程等大型工程项目中EPC得到了较为广泛的应用,从2003年开始我国住房与城乡建设部下发了有关工程总承包的明确制度与规定,至此工程总承包正式得到了各行业的推广性应用.现就市政工程项目实施过程中的风险及成本控制进行详细的论述,对比了地基处理工程的三种方案:空心方桩,管桩和真空预压联合堆载预压.     

闹市区特殊工况下毫秒微差法爆破施工技术

为解决闹市区爆破作业的难题,依托长沙国金中心项目展开研究.在通过优化爆破参数设计、次生危害控制、特殊工况下安全分析、毫秒微差法爆破施工,成功解决了闹市区特殊工况条件下安全爆破施工的难题,既实现混凝土的粉碎程度满足施工要求,又确保临近支护结构安全、周边建筑物不受爆破影响.     

Lactobacillus Gasseri LGZ 1029 in yogurt: rheological behaviour and volatile compound composition

Yogurt preserves and enhances nutritional value of milk. In this study, we have compared several strains to determine the physicochemical, sensory, rheological and aroma characteristics of different yogurts. We used Lactobacillus gasseri LGZ 1029 (LG), commercial probiotic L. rhamnosus (LGG) and traditional fermentation strains Streptococcus thermophilus and L. bulgaricus (SL). Results showed that the flavour and texture characteristics of mixed-strain yogurts were obviously better than in single-strain yogurts. Addition of LG increased pseudoplastic behaviour, as shown by Herschel–Bulkley model analysis of rheological behaviour. The LG + SL group also had both the highest viscosity consistency index and thickening ability. In addition, a total of 57 volatile compounds were detected in yogurts and the fermentation with the addition of LG was mainly affected by ketones. Our study suggested that a yogurt with new attributes can be produced by using LGZ 1029.     

Rapid screening of DON contamination in whole wheat meals by Vis/NIR spectroscopy and computer vision coupling technology

This work intends to develop an online experimental system for screening of deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination in whole wheat meals by visible/near-infrared (Vis/NIR) spectroscopy and computer vision coupling technology. Spectral and image information of samples with various DON levels was collected at speed of 0.15 m s⁻¹ on a conveyor belt. The two-type data were then integrated and subjected to chemometric analysis. Discriminant analysis showed that samples could be classified by setting 1000 μg kg⁻¹ as the cut-off value. The best correct classified rate obtained in prediction was 93.55% based on fusion of spectral and image features, with reduced prediction uncertainty as compared to single feature. However, quantification of DON by quantitative analysis was not successful due to poor model performance. These results indicate that, although not accurate enough to provide conclusive result, this coupling technology could be adopted for rapid screening of DON contamination in cereals and feeds during processing.     

Promoted electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance by constructing Ni12P5–Ni2P heterointerfaces

Transition metal phosphides (TMPs) have been considered as cheap alternatives of precious metal platinum for electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In the past decades, many reports have indicated that the engineering of heterointerfaces between different components could efficiently enhance the activity of HER catalysts. Here, we report a facile method to construct Ni₁₂P₅–Ni₂P heterostructure by using a low temperature phosphorization strategy. The obtained Ni₁₂P₅–Ni₂P heterostructure shows high activity toward HER with an overpotential value of 166 mV at 10 mA cm^?2 and a Tafel slope of 60 mV dec^?1 in 0.5 M H₂SO₄. Compared with pure Ni₂P and Ni₁₂P₅, the Ni₁₂P₅–Ni₂P heterostructure has more active sites and faster HER kinetics due to the presence of the interfaces between Ni₁₂P₅ and Ni₂P. Furthermore, we used the obtained Ni₁₂P₅–Ni₂P as cathodic catalyst and IrO₂/Ti as anodic material to set up a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer which shows good stability after 120 h continuous constant current electrolysis at 200 mA cm^?2. This work demonstrates the positive effect of heterostructure for HER catalysts and provides a feasible strategy for constructing earth-abundant electrocatalysts.